ISC Total English Class 11 Solution : Chapter 12

(i) Describe how some of the old customs have changed over time.

Answer:- India, with its rich tapestry of diverse customs and traditions, has witnessed significant shifts in its cultural practices over time. While the essence of many traditional customs remains deeply ingrained, several have evolved or been replaced as society advances and lifestyles change.

One of the most noticeable changes is the practice of waking up before sunrise. Historically, rising early was considered a virtue, associated with productivity and spiritual growth. In ancient times, people adhered to this custom to maximize the benefits of the early morning, which was believed to be the most auspicious time for prayer and work. However, modern lifestyles have led to a significant shift. With the advent of electric lighting and altered work schedules, people now go to bed late, leading to a natural inclination to wake up later. The rhythm of daily life has changed, making the early riser’s tradition less common.

Another substantial shift is the transition from joint families to nuclear families. Traditionally, extended families, including grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins, lived together under one roof, creating a close-knit support system. This structure was instrumental in sharing responsibilities and nurturing familial bonds. Today, however, the nuclear family—comprising parents and their children—has become more prevalent. Economic pressures, urbanization, and changing social dynamics have contributed to this shift, leading to smaller family units and a change in the way family support and interaction are organized.

The preference for food has also evolved dramatically. In the past, home-cooked meals were highly valued, with families taking pride in preparing nutritious and hygienic food. This custom was rooted in a deep cultural appreciation for culinary traditions and health. Nowadays, the trend has shifted towards dining out, with a marked preference for fast food and junk food. This change reflects the fast-paced nature of modern life, where convenience often takes precedence over traditional cooking practices.

The nature of work and travel has also undergone a transformation. Hard manual labor, once a staple of daily life, has largely been replaced by mechanization. Tools and machines have revolutionized tasks, making them more efficient but also reducing physical effort. Similarly, the habit of walking long distances has been overshadowed by the use of vehicles. Where people once walked for exercise or necessity, the reliance on cars and public transport has become the norm, even for short journeys.

These changes in customs reflect broader shifts in lifestyle, driven by technological advancements, changing societal norms, and evolving economic conditions. While some may view these changes as a departure from tradition, they also signify adaptation to contemporary realities. Balancing modern convenience with cultural heritage remains an ongoing challenge as India navigates its evolving landscape of customs and traditions.